How to Use Dual Prepositions in German

The most effective method to Use Dual Prepositions in German Most German relational words are alwaysâ followed by a similar case, however double relational words (additionally called two-way or suspicious relational words) are relational words that can take either the accusative or dative case. What Are the Dual Prepositions in German? There are nine of these dualâ prepositions: anaufhinternebeninã ¼beruntervorzwischen How to Decide Whether A Dual Preposition Is Dative or Accusative? When a double relational word responds to the inquiry where to? (wohin?) or shouldn't something be said about? (worã ¼ber?), it takes the accusative case. While addressing the inquiry where (wo?), it takes the dative case.â At the end of the day, the accusative relational words regularly allude to an activity or development to somewhere else, though the dative relational words allude to something that isn't changing location.â Consider the English expressions he hops into the water versus he is swimming in the water. The principal addresses a where to address: Where is he hopping? Into the water. Or then again in German, in das Wasserâ orâ ins Wasser. He is changing area by moving from the land into the water. The subsequent expression speaks to a where circumstance. Where is ​he swimming? In the water. In German, in dem Wasserâ orâ im Wasser. He is swimming inside the waterway and not moving all through that one location.â To communicate the two distinct circumstances, English uses two diverse prepositions:â inâ orâ into. To communicate a similar thought, German uses one relational word -  inâ -trailed by either the accusative case (movement) or the dative (area). Progressively About Using the Accusative Case In the event that you need to pass on a course or goal in a sentence, youll need to utilize the accusative. These sentences will consistently respond to the inquiry whereâ to/wohin? For instance: Bite the dust Katze springt auf lair Stuhl. | The feline bounces on(to) the chair.Wohin springt kick the bucket Katze? Auf sanctum Stuhl. | Where is the feline hopping? On(to) the seat. The accusative case is additionally utilized when you can get some information about/worã ¼ber? For instance: Sie diskutieren à ¼ber cave Film. | They are discussingâ the film.Worà ¼ber diskutieren sie? ÃÅ"ber nook Film. | What are they discussing? About the film. Increasingly About Using the Dative Case The dative case is utilized to show a steady position or circumstance. It responds to the inquiry where/wo? For model: Pass on Katze sitzt auf dem Stuhl. (The feline sits on the seat.) The dative is additionally utilized when there is no specific heading or objective intended. For model: Sie ist pass on ganze Zeit in der Stadt herumgefahren.| (She drove around town throughout the day.) Recall that the above guidelines apply just to double relational words. Dative-just relational words will consistently stay dative, regardless of whether the sentence shows movement or direction. Likewise, accusative-just relational words will consistently stay accusative, regardless of whether no movement is depicted in the sentence.â Sharp Ways to Remember German Prepositions Bolt stanzas Blob Some think that its simpler to recollect the accusative-versus-dative principle by thinking about the accusativeâ letter A on its side, speaking to a bolt ( ) for movement a particular way, and the dative letter Dâ on its side to speak to a mass very still. Obviously, how you recollect the distinction matters close to nothing, as long as you have an away from of when a two-way relational word utilizes the dative or accusative.â Rhyme Time  Use the accompanying rhyme to helpâ memorize double relational words): An, auf, hinter, neben, in, à ¼ber, unter, vor und zwischenstehen mit dem vierten Fall, wenn man fragen kann â€Å"wohin,†mit dem dritten steh’n sie so,daãÿ man nur fragen kann â€Å"wo.† Deciphered: At, on, behind, close, in, finished, under, previously and between Go with the fourth case, when one asks where to The third case is extraordinary: With that, you can just ask where. Double Prepositions and Sample Sentences The accompanying graph records a case of the dative and accusative cases for a few double relational words. Relational word Definition Dative Example Accusative Example an at, by, on Der Lehrer steht a der Tafel.The educator is remaining at the writing board. Der Student schreibt es a kick the bucket Tafel. The understudy composes it on the board. auf on, onto Sie sitzt auf dem Stuhl.She is perched on the seat. Er legt das Papier auf sanctum Tisch.He is putting the paper on the table. hinter behind Das Kind steht hinter dem Baum.The youngster is remaining behind the tree. Kick the bucket Maus luft hinter pass on Tr.The mouse runs behind the entryway. neben close to, close, close to Ich stehe neben der Wand. I remain close to the divider. Ich setzte mich neben ihn. I plunked down close to him. in in, into, to Kick the bucket Socken sind in der Schublade.The socks are in the cabinet. Der Junge geht in kick the bucket Schule.The kid goes to class. ber over (above), about, over Das Bild hngt ber dem Schreibtisch.The picture hangs over the work area. ffne cave Regenschirm ber meinen Kopf. Open the umbrella over my head. unter under, beneath Kick the bucket Frau schlft unter cave Bumen.The lady is dozing under the trees. Der Hund luft unter kick the bucket Brcke.The hound runs under the scaffold. zwischen between Der Katze stand zwischen mir und dem Stuhl.The feline is among me and the seat. Sie stellte kick the bucket Katze zwischen mich und cave Tisch.She put the feline among me and the table. Test Yourself Answer this inquiry: Isâ in der Kircheâ dative or accusative? Woâ orâ wohin?â In the event that you think thatâ in der Kircheâ is dative and the expression answers the questionâ wo?â then you are correct. In der Kircheâ means in (inside) the congregation, whileâ in pass on Kircheâ means into the congregation (wohin?). Presently you see one more motivation behind why you have to know your German sexual orientations. Realizing that congregation isâ die Kirche, which changes toâ der Kircheâ in the dative case, is a fundamental component in utilizing any relational word, however particularly the two-way ones. Presently all around put the Kirche phrases into sentences to additionally represent the point: Akkusativ: Die Leute gehen in pass on Kirche. The individuals are going into the church. Dativ: Die Leute sitzen in der Kirche. The individuals are sitting in the congregation.

Company Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organization Problem - Essay Example deals focuses for the present year (2008) inferable from the constant fall in the deals of its trucks and SUVs which structure a noteworthy piece of its incomes. The fall in its vehicle portion is likewise generally because of the developing ecological concerns, likely effect of an Earth-wide temperature boost, and the resultant move in client inclinations towards natural neighborly and eco-friendly vehicles. Every one of these variables together have prompted arrangement of a few options that could enable the organization to address these basic issues and hold its serious situating in the business just as proceed with its quick advancement towards achieving its future focuses on that of a 15% offer in the worldwide car industry. The options examined above are created remembering the company’s qualities and shortcoming and its capacity to handle the current circumstance through its scope of items and vital arranging capacities. The Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the biggest car producers on the planet. Established in 1926, by Sakichi Toyoda as an unassuming programmed looms producing organization, Toyota has become a multi million dollar association and a world chief in car fabricating. The organization through its generous broadening, extension and R&D endeavors has figured out how to catch critical pieces of the pie, and plans to catch 15 %1 of the worldwide market constantly 2015. Be that as it may, the organization at present has been confronting sure misfortunes because of a few factors, for example, the rising fuel costs, natural concerns, for example, a worldwide temperature alteration, debilitating of the yen, just as dangers from minimal effort vehicle makers from creating countries, for example, India and China. These elements could present genuine dangers to the company’s progression towards development and success. To battle such outer powers, the organization has started endeavor s at making ecological mindfulness through empowering and driving the deals of its half and half vehicle †The Prius, just as by starting and

How to Prevent a Child From Using Marijuana

How to Prevent a Child From Using Marijuana Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print How to Prevent a Child From Using Marijuana By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on January 16, 2020 Simon Winnall/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery There is no magic bullet for preventing teenage drug use. But parents can be influential by talking to their children about the dangers of using marijuana and other drugs and remain actively engaged in their childrens lives. Even after teenage children enter high school, parents can stay involved in schoolwork, recreation, and social activities with their childrens friends. Research shows that appropriate parental monitoring can reduce future drug use, even among those adolescents who may be prone to marijuana use, such as those who are rebellious, cannot control their emotions, and experience internal distress. Get Involved in Their Lives To address the issue of drug abuse in your area, it is important to get involved in drug abuse prevention programs in your community or your childs school. Find out what prevention programs you and your children can participate in together. There are numerous resources, many rights in your own community, where you can obtain information so that you can talk to your children about drugs. To find these resources, you can consult your local library, school, or community service organization. More Tips for Parents Here are more tips for parents about keeping their children away from substance abuse: Parenting Style Can Make a Difference: You should take a look at different types of parenting styles and figure out which ones can make a difference. Begin the Conversation Early: If your children feel they can talk with you about their problems and you respect their feelings and opinions, they will be less likely to turn to drugs, research has shown. Sit Down Together at the Dinner Table: The number of times you sit down with your children for family meals and actually talk to them is directly correlated with a decreased chance they will become involved in substance abuse, research has found. Take Your Kids to Church: Several scientific studies have found that teens involved in religious activities are half as likely to have substance abuse problems, even if they have a family history of alcoholism. 10 Pictures of Marijuana to Help Identify Different Forms

Essay on Great Expectations by Charles Dickens - 2121 Words

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens In Great Expectations, Dickens wants to explore what it means to be a gentleman in the rapidly changing Victorian England. He suggests that money is not everything, but you need some to get yourself started in the world. Being a gentleman means that you have to be moral, kind, courteous, hard working, financially independent and educated. Pip’s experiences of social class, in some ways mirror those of Dickens’ childhood. Dickens’ parents were middle class but moved down the class ladder when they moved house, (they moved from quite a nice house into a slightly smaller house in a slightly less desirable area, over and over again, due to financial problems, hence moving down the class†¦show more content†¦He overspends and abuses his fortune. Dickens paints a picture of Victorian rural working class life. The Kent village where Pip lived as a child with Joe and Mrs. Joe is a bleak area near the river marshes. It is overgrown with nettles and is dark. This would have been very daunting for a little boy who is out on his own. Pip’s family would not have been able to afford anywhere nicer to live because they were lower working class and therefore would not have had much money. However, Joe and Mrs. Joe have a best room, or parlour, which is only used on special occasions, such as Christmas. They all also have Sunday best clothes to go to church in, which they do every week. Mrs. Joe believes that ‘cleanliness is next to godliness,’ and is therefore always cleaning around the house, making it spotless. This is significant because poor people often take a great deal of pride in looking after what little they have. Also, there is a high infant mortality rate because Pip is one of only six children to survive in his family. Both of his parents are dead as well, but we do not know how they died. Right at the beginning of the novel, Pip meets an escaped convict in the Churchyard, where he is visiting his parents’ and siblings’ gravestones. He suddenly hears from behind him: ‘Hold your noise.’ It is said in an aggressive manner, such to scare Pip out of his thick boots. The man who said itShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardshi ps provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginning of the novel. From the opening ofRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencer is somewhere else absorbing knowledge of a different setting.This abstract adventure is seized by author Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. Great Expectations is historical fiction giving readers comprehension of the Victorian Era.Upon the reading, readers begin to catch on the intended purpose and its significance. A person who lived during the Victorian Era was Charles Dickens himself.He grew up during a time where differences in social class were to an extreme degree.Dickens went through

Leadership Style Of A Healthcare - 1214 Words

Leadership in a healthcare setting requires a great breath of knowledge specific to healthcare and but it also requires soft skills that can be translated to many other professional endeavors. This essay will examine the leadership style of a specific healthcare professional, the strategies and skills that she uses to motivate their staff members and the results or impacts of the application of the skills and knowledge of leadership. The interview of this leader allowed an insight into the inner workings of both the leader herself, but also into the challenges that her organization faces. A more thorough understanding of organizational leadership and culture in particular could benefit this leader and provide this leader with additional†¦show more content†¦This self-defined position may be contradictory to the definition of leadership, as Kilbort (2004) notes that leaders are often seen as providing inspiration and vision to organizations while managers provide the support to staff so tasks are completed correctly. Allowing staff to complete tasks under their own accord may be a fitting strategy in a healthcare setting, specifically in regard to clinical personnel. Prosser notes that she was educated at her university in leadership, the requirements of individuals and the organization allow her to lead by allowing greater individual task independence; she also notes that some staff personally do not prefer this style of leadership (A. Prosser, personal communication, February 20, 2016). This seems to indicate that this leaders style could be identified as strategic leadership, Cannella and Monroe (1997) state that this style of leadership; a theory that purports the need for flexibility in style and that leaders make decisions based on their own values. This theory may not, however, account for the all aspect of this administrator’s leadership style. Healthcare clinical workers have differing needs for supervision than administrative staff, this may be on account of clinical provider’s clinical knowledge and responsibilities that may not be shared by administrative leaders. The position of leaders to allow this autonomy is supported, Kerfoot (2003) states that poorly lead healthcare

Abortion and Women’s Rights Free Essays

I believe that abortion is a woman’s right in Africa.   The decision should be up to the individual woman without any outside influences from society. (2003, Thomas) Lynn M. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion and Women’s Rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thomas explains how â€Å"Social controversies for women in Africa are looming presenting a risk of death† because of the laws in the country which ban women from having abortions, in which the issue of reproductive rights in Africa is an important aspect of women’s rights and is one of the central issues in human rights debated in various regions in Africa. The problem of reproductive rights is therefore linked to larger women’s rights issues in that sex and reproduction are often used as ways of oppressing women in various cultures.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Reproductive rights therefore refer to the issue of choice and the right for women to decide for themselves – particularly with regard to their bodies and the important aspects of pregnancy and childbirth. One study on this issue states the problem in the following way. â€Å"The Right to choose is just one aspect of a much larger issue of reproductive rights – women’s right to control their own bodies and reproductive lives,† according to Smith. ( Smith, 2004) The right to abortion should be an African woman’s choice and right .   Women‘s reproductive rights and human rights in general, is the right to have an abortion, if she chooses and it essentially is a women’s prerogative.   We will discuss the right of a women and why she must   choose for herself, as well as be legally available to get an abortion in Africa.. For too many years, women who live in Africa have been giving birth to children in which many of them could not afford.   Women were never asked if they wanted to give birth to the child and never given the choice if she wanted to remain pregnant.   It was always assumed that if she got pregnant, she would carry the child without ever considering the possibility of aborting the fetus.  A women should also have the full legal right with regard to choosing to have an abortion or not and this right should not be predetermined by society for cultural reasons, but by the woman who will be responsible for carrying the fetus. Very often the issue of abortion is treated as if it is a separate aspect and not related to the context of the more â€Å"acceptable† view of the legitimate rights of women.  Ã‚   Very few people question the right of the woman when it comes to the issue of abortion but the issue of abortion on the other hand carries with it negative associations and connotations and have become a very cultural issue.   However, abortion is an issue that should, of necessity, be viewed in the larger context of women’s rights because the woman is the primary caretaker of the child, if she chooses to give birth, she is the person who must decide if the child can be properly cared for.   In impoverished nations, such as Africa, it should be especially legal since the living conditions are so bad. Reproductive rights, as the essential rights of women over their own bodies and sexuality, are not something separate from other issues relating to gender rights where the central arguments put forward in this regard, that it is the woman that must make this choice and not a society that is dominated by a cultural view on abortion. It is the woman who offers her body as a vessel necessary for the growth of the unborn child, not a nation’s, such as Africa, who doesn’t offer assistance for the growth of the child and therefore he leaves the woman to be solely responsible for the development and care for the child.   Since women are the ones who carry babies for nine months, African officials shouldn’t have a right to deny the woman the freedom to make a conscious choice, therefore, they shouldn’t be able to judge the African woman’s decision or her views concerning abortion. It should also be noted that the issue of reproductive rights for women is a complex and convoluted area of moral and ethical discourse.   However the central fact is that the history of reproductive rights is intimately linked to the history of women’s rights and cultural issues in general, which have become prominent in society.   To speak of reproductive rights is to ask if it is safe for a woman to give birth in a nation that is sometimes incapable of aiding in the growth of the child.   Reproductive rights are sometimes compromised because of a nation‘s views on the subject. The issue is debated differently from traditional point of view since many Africans believe that it is always necessary to give birth without considering the harmful effects that the pregnancy may cause.   The African woman has to make the choice of if she will carry a child for nine months of her life or if he will be solely responsible for the child’s care, both emotionally and financially since African men have often in the past, denied that they were involved in the child’s development and they certainly have never had to make the choice of carrying a child to full term. One of the central arguments in favor of the right to abortion for women is that in many societies women are subjected to horrendous oppression and discrimination in terms of sexual role and norms. (2003, WHO) One example that is often quoted is that of Africa.   Many women in African countries have no control over their sexual and reproductive rights.   If, for example a husband contracts HIV/AIDS, in some cultures the wife cannot refuse to have intercourse with him – even though this would endanger her personal health and infringe her sexual rights.   In effect many women in the world have no say or control over their bodies and sexuality. This relates to the issue of abortion in that the right to undergo an abortion is an extension of these reproductive and human rights that should be accepted as ubiquitous in all societies. Another issue that is often quoted in defense of women’s abortion rights is that, a large number of poor and working-class women die when abortion is illegal. According to the World Health Organization, 78,000 women around the world die from unsafe abortions every year. Abortion is every woman’s right. This aspect is also highlighted by the fact that the problem of deaths due to abortions usually occur among the poor, oppressed or disenfranchised women of the world. This fact does not apply only to the less developed regions of the world according to (Rosenbaum, 2001) who says, â€Å"Women in Africa are at risk.† These cases are usually among the Black or Hispanic populations. With the high poverty rate for African women , it is not unreasonable to believe that the abortion rate would be high among these races. Abortion is every woman’s right, and should be closely looked at more closely when it comes to abortions in countries who offer little or no help to the mother. In many countries in the world abortion is forbidden and can result in prison terms for women.   It is often the case that reproductive rights are denied in countries which are usually poverty stricken and with poor human rights records. Approximately 25% of the world population lives in countries with highly restrictive abortion laws, which is quite common in Africa. These are the countries where abortion is most restricted according to the law. â€Å"In Africa, women still are not allowed to obtain an abortion,† says Stuart Rosenbaum. (2001,Rosenbaum) It therefore follows that allowing women their reproductive rights and providing for legalized abortions could save suffering and lives in these counties. This rationale also applies to the high incidence of rape in many countries where abortion is illegal.   Many women suffer both physically and economically as a result of laws that do not provide for the right to abortion as a fundament human right. While there is the ethical argument that the unborn fetus also has rights, this is an aspect that must be considered in terms of the rights of the mother as well.   It must be admitted that the issue of the rights of the unborn child presents intricate and complex problems, which involves many often confusing and convoluted definitions of what constitutes life.   A comprehensive study in this regard is The House of Atreus: Abortion as a Human Rights Issue is explained, (Bohan, 1999). The author tells us that â€Å"No society that truly believes in human rights can fail to recognize the right to life of the unborn. Human rights are, by definition, rights which inhere in one simply by virtue of being a human.† Notwithstanding these arguments, the problem of abortion rights finds its proper context in the general view of cultural regards. Therefore the question of abortion rights should be seen in the context of social oppression and other forms of societal discrimination of women.   The traditional view of women is for the African woman to get pregnant, carry the baby for nine month and then to give birth without ever questioning the option of abortion.   These cultural values do not recognize the importance of women’s health and well-being, and they do not ever take into consideration that the woman may die during childbirth or that she may give birth to a child who is born into poverty conditions and may die from starvation or illness. The topic of abortion should be discussed in Africa and offered as an option to the woman who has the right to choose abortion if she sees that it is necessary. The argument for abortion rights for women should be linked to the larger issues and related to aspects in society that are all interconnected.   As one study suggests, the legalization of abortion rights is closely linked to issues such as class, race and economic discrimination, especially in Africa. â€Å"Abortion should be legal in Africa†¦ because statutory bans on abortion during the twentieth century were selectively or arbitrarily enforced in ways that intentionally discriminated against poor persons and persons of color,† according to (Graber, 1996) and those rights should be given to every woman in Africa, so she can make her individual decision of if she will be giving birth to her child or getting an abortion. Graber,Mark. (1996) Rethinking Abortion, p. 6 Rosenbaum, Stuart E. (2001) Pro-Life Verses Pro Choice, The Ethics of  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abortion, p. 173 Thomas, Lynn M. (2003) Politics of the Womb, University of California  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Press, p. 17 World Health Organization, (2003) Technical and Policy Guidance for  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Health Systems, p.6    How to cite Abortion and Women’s Rights, Essay examples

Medical ethics free essay sample

A woman, after a bout with uterine cancer had a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus). Before its removal, however, she had several eggs removed for possible fertilization in the future. Now married, the woman wishes to have a child with her husband. Obviously she cannot bear the child herself, so the couple utilizes a company to find a surrogate mother for them. The husbands sperm is used to fertilize one of the wifes eggs, and is implanted in the surrogate mother. The couple pays all of the womans pregnancy-related expenses and an extra $18,000 as compensation for her surrogacy. After all expenses are taken into account the couple pays the woman approximately $31,000 and the agency approximately $5,000. Though the surrogate passed stringent mental testing to ensure she was competent to carry another couples child, after carrying the pregnancy to term, the surrogate says that she has become too attached to her child to give it up to the couple. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical ethics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A legal battle ensues. Questions for Case 1: †¢In Hong Kong it is illegal to pay a person for non-replenishable organs. The fear is that money will influence the poor to harm their bodies for the benefit of the rich. Do you see a parallel between this case and this law? Can allowing surrogate mothers to be paid for their troubles allow poorer women to be oppressed? †¢Does paying the surrogate harm her and/or the childs dignity? †¢Is it selfish for this couple to want children of their own genetic make-up? †¢One of the main arguments against the use of surrogate mothers is that carrying and giving birth to a child is such an emotional event that it is impossible to determine if the surrogate will be able to give up the child. Though adults enter into the contract, the child could ultimately suffer if a long custody battle ensues. With the possibility of such battles, do you think it is acceptable for parents to use a surrogate mother? †¢Do you think that if the surrogate is awarded the baby, this could cause emotional harm to the child? †¢Who do you think should receive the child, and why?

The Expantion Of The Us Essay Research free essay sample

The Expantion Of The Us Essay, Research Paper Viky Kayrova The Civil Rights Of Black Americans 03 699 As Reconstruction ended, an highly hard period began for Black citizens. In order to protect their civil rights, they were forced to trust on province authoritiess. Politicians who openly opposed the civil rights of black people largely controlled these province authoritiess. The federal authorities withdrew from the issues refering the rights of inkinesss, and the executive and judicial subdivisions tended to back up the Southern white place. The disfranchisement of inkinesss that had begun in the South with illegal torment and force shortly after the war was about completed by the early old ages of the twentieth century. Many Southern provinces did everything possible to maintain black citizens from voting in order to remain in control of the federal authorities. They enforced canvass revenue enhancements, literacy trials, and the alleged Grandfather Clause. As a consequence of constitutional alterations, the enrollment of black electors in Alabama declined from 181,471 in 1900 to 3,000 in 1901. We will write a custom essay sample on The Expantion Of The Us Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Similar action in Louisiana reduced registered inkinesss from 130, 334 in 1896 to 1,342 in 1904. Besides the alteration in the fundamental law of voting rights for inkinesss in the South, resulted in separation of inkinesss from Whites in assorted facets of mundane life. Blacks were excluded from engagement on juries and were refused service in hotels, eating houses, and amusement Parkss. They were forced to busy separate subdivisions in vehicles of public transit and in public assemblage topographic points. Besides black kids were required to go to separate schools from Whites, and the educational system was different for each race. By the eruption of World War I, alleged Jim Crow Torahs that legalized segregation of inkinesss and Whites existed throughout the South. Jim Crow existed in other parts of the United States every bit good, either by jurisprudence as in the South or by local pattern. The judicial cast of blessing for Jim Crow came in 1896 with the instance of Plessy vs. Ferguson, whereby the U.S. Supreme Court declared constitutional a Louisiana jurisprudence necessitating separation by race on railway managers. The tribunal held that implementing such separation was legal, so long as equal installations were provided for both races. However, the installations that were provided for the inkinesss were no where nigh in quality and service, as the 1s provided for the Whites. This inequality was possibly most annihilating in the country of instruction. Equally tardily as the start of World War II certain Southern school territories did non supply 12 old ages of public instruction for inkinesss. In add-on, inkinesss often suffered favoritism in the distribution of revenue enhancement money for support of schools. Besides there were merely a few publically supported colleges in the South, and even those were of hapless quality. The impotence of inkinesss during the post-Reconstruction period is exemplified in the high rate of lynchings. Between 1882 and 1938, 3,402 lynchings occurred all over the United States. The several efforts to go through a federal antilynching measure during this period were all unsuccessful. In malice of attempts by the Southern whites to stamp down inkinesss politically and to deny them societal equality, the activities and attempts of inkinesss after Reconstruction to better their economic place and political rights eventually reached some success. In 1870, 80 per centum of the black population over 10 old ages of age was illiterate ; by 1900 illiteracy among inkinesss was reduced by almo st 50 per centum. Farm ownership, although still low, increased significantly ; by 1901 about 25 per centum of black husbandmans in the South owned their ain land. Seven inkinesss were elected to the U.S. House of Representatives for a cumulative sum of 13 footings between 1877 and 1901. Besides an association for the promotion of coloured people ( NAACP ) was founded in 1909. One of its laminitiss, William E. B. Du Bois, was the taking interpreter for full and immediate rights for inkinesss. World War I was a turning point in black American history. The figure of inkinesss traveling out of the South after 1877 increased dramatically. This sudden alteration was caused by the high demand for labour in the Northern metropoliss due to worsen of European in-migration. The coming together of big Numberss of inkinesss in the urban countries, the exposure of some inkinesss to European Whites who did non hold the same racial attitude as American Whites, and the war propaganda to do the universe safe for democracy combined to raise the hopes, dreams, and aspirations of inkinesss. However, the segregators did non portion the same optimism due to an rush of lynchings, public violences, and other antiblack force after World War I. The Ku Klux Klan was revived and gained popularity in Northern every bit good as Southern provinces during the 1920s. These actions increased the attempts of inkinesss in political relations, but the changing attitudes among inkinesss found other signifiers of look. During the 1920s noteworthy productions of black literature, music, and art took topographic point, and race consciousness increased. T his societal alteration is best reflected in the Hagiographas of the influential black leader Marcus Garvey, laminitis of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. In the 1930s inkinesss ab initio were less affected by the Depression than Whites because the economic system of the black community was already depressed. Before long, nevertheless, the declining economic conditions hit inkinesss the hardest, as the group at the low terminal of the economic graduated table. Reforms attempted by the New Deal about wholly dealt with economic affairs. The jobs suffered by inkinesss were non addressed because of their racial minority group position. However, in the New Deal attempts to help the hapless, inkinesss encountered the first aid from authorities since Reconstruction. Franklin D. Roosevelt s attitude towards the being of racism, combined with turning unpopularity of the Republican party, caused more and more voting inkinesss to back up the Democratic party. This was frequently an uncomfortable determination for inkinesss, because under the senior status patterns followed by Congress, control by Democrats placed declared segregators in major pla ces of leading. However, the displacement continued, and since the New Deal period inkinesss have progressively voted for Democrats. With the eruption of World War II, black support was given to the war attempt with the hope that the battle against Nazi racism would weaken racism in the United States. Of the 891,000 inkinesss that joined the armed forces, about half a million served overseas. As in World War I the bulk of inkinesss were organized into service units, and many were neer trained in the usage of basic arms. In an effort to promote and better occupation preparation for minority group workers in war industries, President Roosevelt established a national Fair Employment Practices Committee. The war ended, nevertheless, with no major onslaught on favoritism in employment and in labour brotherhoods, and Jim Crow patterns persisted in many parts of both the North and the South.

Differences Between 17th and 18th Centuries essays

Differences Between 17th and 18th Centuries essays Before the Revolutionary period of politics and patriotism began in the 18th century, the last thing on the minds of the colonists of the new world was politics. These colonists of the 17th century were more concerned with their religion, religious revival, and reasonable thought. They were far more theological. Many of the first settlers of the new world made the dangerous journey to the new world to escape religious persecution. Puritans, Pilgrims, and Catholics, as well as some Jewish and Muslim peoples, came to America to flee the maltreatment that they were faced with in their homeland England, or, for the Pilgrims, Holland. The politics of England were of no concern to them. England was not yet unjustly taxing them or placing unrelenting restrictions upon them. They wanted to escape the ways of societies that did not agree with their beliefs, societies that they felt were corrupt. While the Pilgrims did draft the Mayflower Compact before disembarking, this was about as far as the concept of politics went in the 17th century. The early 18th century brought about the Great Awakening. As religious zest and appeal began to fade, some ministers strove to revive the spirit in their parishioners. "Churchgoers increasingly complained about the 'dead dogs' who droned out tedious, over erudite sermons from Puritan pulpits. Some ministers, on the other hand, worried that many of their parishioners had gone soft and that their souls were no longer kindled by the hellfire of orthodox Calvinism" (The American Pageant, page 94). Puritan ministers such as Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield attempted to revitalize the spirits of their followers. Edwards most famous sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," helped in his cause. It scared many of his followers into believing that one false move on their part would result in eternal damnation because they upset God. "The wrath of God is like great waters that are dam...

Respiratory failure Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Respiratory failure - Case Study Example A fall arterial oxygen tension (Pa, O2) of 6.0 kPa (45 mmHg) or both, is indicative of respiratory failure (Roussos and Koutsoukou, 2003). Respiratory failure may be acute or chronic. In case of Wilson, the respiratory failure is acute and this is indicated by the drastic change in the acid-base status (pH= 7.3). The cause of respiratory failure in him is the right lower lobe collapse-consolidation secondary to pneumonia. Lower respiratory tract infection is known as pneumonia. The pathology lies in the parenchyma of the lungs which consist of alveolar sacs. There are several causes of pneumonia, the most common of which is bacterial (Stephen, 2009). Bacterial pneumonia can be community acquired or hospital-acquired. In case of Wilson, the pneumonia is hospital acquired. Â  Decreased oxygen saturation: Acute respiratory failure occurs when the body is unable to maintain gas exchange at a rate on par with the demands of the body like in pneumonia. The damage to lung parenchyma in pneumonia results in the release of inflammatory mediators and fluids because of which intrapulmonary shunting, ventilation-perfusion mismatching, hypoventilation and diffusion defects occur (Stephen, 2009). All these eventually lead to hypoxemia which is evident in the blood gas analysis of Wilson (Ranjit, 2001). In ventilation-perfusion mismatch, areas which have lower ventilation as against perfusion contribute to hypoxemia.

Ethnic Style in Male-Female Conversation Research Paper

Ethnic Style in Male-Female Conversation - Research Paper Example Only then two people communicating with each other can understand each other with the shared identity. On the other hand, where there is lack of a common chord in conversational strategies, feelings of disharmony, not being understood are created. In this way, conversational style becomes a major element of ethnicity. Every language has distinct words to interpret specific objects which are different in other languages. However, signalling intentions and attitudes depend on personal styles of individuals. The conversational style is â€Å"both a consequence and indicator of ethnicity† (Tannen, 1982, p.230). Indirectness which is a roundabout way of saying a particular thing is a stamp of one’s distinct style and personality which changes according to situations. It means not explicitly stating what one wants and the meaning is inferred by the listener based on previous conversations and expectations and also from â€Å"culturally agreed upon meanings that are associated with particular expressions† (Tannen, 2006, p.361). This way of expressing through conversation is a means of satisfying the coexisting and conflicting positive and negative forces. For instance, when one wants to be left alone, he will not say it directly as he will not want to cause displeasure to others. He will apply the strategy for an indirect way of saying the same. Indirectness is a manner in which one can fulfil the purpose of both rapport and defensiveness. By rapport, it means a subtle way of expressing one’s desire and getting it fulfilled. It means the desire expressed in a way that it i s understood without being explained. Defensiveness means the strategic way of saying a particular thing which keeps the door open for reneging if the conversation is not accepted favourably by others. For instance, one can always say later on â€Å"I never said that† or â€Å"that isn’t what I meant† (Tanner, 1982, p.218). Since conversational strategies and degrees of indirectness often vary with cultural differences between individuals, therefore misunderstandings even from simple conversations can emerge more in cross-cultural communication.  

Cross Functional Enterprise System

Cross Functional Enterprise System SWOT Analysis is a tool used to identify the internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats environment of Aalsmeer Flower Auction. Table 1 below shows the strengths and weaknesses within the company, and the opportunities and threats faced by Aalsmeer Flower Auction. 1.2 Information Requirements The board of Aalsmeer Flower Auction requires an information system that could help to support its e-business activities. It is important for the company to view information systems as a set of technologies that will support efficient business operations, work groups and enterprise collaboration in order to success (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.44). Hence, the company needs to know the information requirement in order to set up an electronic auction market. Hardware and software are the main information requirement. It is use to perform input, processing and output activities of the business. Once the hardware and software are installed, the company needs to consider whether the end users familiar with the system and understand how to use the system. Beside that, the company has to ensure that users security when using the system. For instant, when buyers make their online payment, they make sure that their credit cards are safe and cannot be hack. Furthermore, maintenance of the system is important information that the company needs to know in order to keep the system operational. (Scribd, 2011) 2.0 The New System and Objectives 2.1 Cross-Functional Enterprise System An enterprise system is essential to an organization to ensure information can be shared across all business function (Stair Reynolds, 2008, p.220). Aalsmeer Flower Auction may develop an integrated cross-functional enterprise system that cross the boundaries of the traditional business and organization functions (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.250). The purpose of this system is to reengineer and improve vital business processes all across the enterprise (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.250). Besides that, cross-function enterprise system is view as a strategic way to share information resources and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of business processes, and develop strategic relationships with customers, suppliers, and business partners (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.250). This system are integrated by enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management (SCM), and customer relationship management (CRM). The company will be also using the World Wide Web and their intranets and extranets as a technology platform for their cross-functional and interenterprise information system (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.250). With this system, it enables the company to fulfill its objectives. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an integrated computer-based system designed to integrate and automate many internal business processes and information flows within the company such as integrated logistics, production planning, accounting and finance, sales distribution and human resource function of the company (ERPChronicle.com, 2011). The key objective of an ERP system is to integrate information and view real-time of its core business process from all functional divisions of the company in a single database (TopBits.com, 2011). All information is flow from one system to another automatically with no repetition of entry and thus suppliers, customers and other business partners can access to current and consistent data (Accurate, 2005). With this system, the company can reduce the transaction costs. Running more efficient and effective operation like production management, supply chain and customer relationship management into one streamlined process where everything can be accessed through one enterprise wide information network, and enhance management decision making (ERPChronicle.com, 2011). After implementing ERP system, the company can transform the way they conduct their business and thus achieving the initial objective of the e-business activities. Supply Chain Management (SCM) The implementing of supply chain management (SCM) system is to create a demand driven organization by connecting an extending value chain, streamline traditional supply chain process and eliminating non value added activities (CiteMan Network, 2008-2011). Increasingly, SCM is accomplished using the internet and electronic marketplace to reengineer and streamline traditional supply chain processes (Stair Reynolds, 2008, p.26). The objective of SCM system is create customer value leading to increase organization profitability, shareholder value, and sustained competitive advantage in the long run (MBA Knowledge Base, 2011). Besides that, SCM is to help the company achieve agility and responsiveness in meeting the demands of its customers and needs of its suppliers using a fast, efficient, and low-cost of network business relationships or supply chain (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.315). In the long run, the initial objectives of the e-business activities to redefine the value chain to reduce transaction costs accomplished. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) To help the company to deliver an excellent customer serving processes in sales, marketing and product service, customer relationship management (CRM) system is recommended (OBrien, 2002, p. 130). The main objective of this system is to build and maintain valuable relationships with the customers, to increase profits and become more competitive (Exforsys, 2000-2011). CRM system will capture key customer data and enable the company to use that data effectively at each stage of the customer relationship (Customer Connect, 2006-2009). In the sales process, CRM tracks customer contacts for cross-selling and up-selling (OBrien, 2002, p. 130) as well as translate the salespeoples skills into institutional knowledge (Customer Connect, 2006-2009). Besides that, CMR helps the company to plan and execute the marketing effort efficiently (Customer Connect, 2006-2009). Furthermore, CRM helps customer service managers quickly create, assign and manage service requests (OBrien, 2002, p. 130). In short, CRM system helps to manage the business effectively, reduce costs and support a total customer care. 2.2 Information Strategies To obtain major advantages over the competitive forces it faces in the global marketplace, strategic information systems are required and the use of internet technologies are essential to gain competitive advantage. 2.2.1 Cost Leadership Strategy Cost leadership strategy concerned with delivering the lowest possible products and services. The company can help the suppliers and customer to reduce their costs such as transaction process, warehousing and shipping costs by implementing online auction and online ordering. Internet is the primary information technology infrastructure that supports e-business applications (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p12). Aalsmeer Flower Auction can use an electronic auction website as information strategy to connect buyers and sellers from all over the globe. Trading on the internet allows the company to reach a larger number of potential customers and suppliers in a shorter time and reaching customers for a low cost per transactions (Kumar and Feldman, n.d). Web auction is easy to use. It allows million of buyers to participate in the live auction which occurs around the world at the same time via online without attending in the auction hall. Buyers will feel convenience and it is the fastest way to make their bid. There is also an auto bid buying method, where it benefits for buyers who have no time to participate in the live auction (FlowerBuyer.com, 1995-2011). The company can implement an online ordering which change its traditional way of selling. Online ordering allows customers to place their order through website. With this service, customers are able to make their order anytime because the website provides 24 hours. Besides that, internet enables Aalsmeer Flower Auction to showcase all the products and provide up-to-date information to customers. In short, online auction and online ordering can substantially lower costs, reduce lead times, and improve the quality of services provided. 2.2.2 Differentiation Strategy The company is said to have competitive advantage when it delivers different products or services from its competitors. Aalsmeer Flower Auction could provide an online customer design, where customers are allowed to have more option and opportunities to customize based on their own preference. Buyers can buy the bunch which allows them to order in smaller quantities. There are some advantages of buying in smaller quantities. First, retailers can access to a wide variety of fresh products all the time. Second, retailers can buy frequently and require several varieties in small volumes. At the same time, they have flexibility to mix and match any products they like, and choose the colour they wish to have. (FlowerBuyer.com, 1995-2011) Besides that, buyers can also select the time schedule when they want to make their delivery. These have satisfied customer tastes which they wish for fresher products, more varieties, smaller quantities and multiple deliveries each week. In addition, online transaction processing system plays a strategic role in electronic commerce. The company can use internet that tie them electronically to their customers and suppliers for online transactions processing (OLTP). In online processing, data are processed immediately after a transaction occurs, which will help to provide superior service to customers and other trading partners. (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.256) With this system, company goals can be reached. Reducing transaction costs, running more efficient and effective operation, add value to their products, and give them an importance way to differentiate themselves from the competitors. 3.0 System Development Methodology A system development methodology refers to the framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the process of developing an information system (Centers for Medicare Medicaid services, 2005). 3.1 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) One method of using system approach to develop information system solution is system development life cycle (SDLC). The waterfall model is one of the methodologies that the company can practice. Diagram 2: The waterfall model Investigation Analysis Design Implementation Maintenance Source: Startvbdotnet, 2004-2010 3.1.1 System Investigation The systems investigation stage requires the development of feasibility study, which assesses technical, economic, legal, operation and schedule feasibility (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.449). Feasibility study is used to test the proposed system, meeting users requirements, and effective use of resources and cost effectiveness (Scribd, 2011). Technical feasibility concerned with whether the hardware, software and other system components can be required or developed to solve the problem. Economic feasibility is the most important study that determines the cost and benefits of the proposed system makes financial sense. If benefits are found to be more than costs, then the analyst decides to continue the development of the proposed system otherwise considers it economically not feasible. (MBA Knowledge Base, 2011) Legal feasibility determines whether laws or regulations can prevent or limit a systems development project. Legal feasibility involves an analysis of existing and future law to determine the likelihood of legal action against the systems development project and possible consequences (Stair Reynolds, 2008, p.351). During operational feasibility study, it is determined whether the system will operate in the way that user wants. It depends upon human resources whether the qualified and experienced manpower is available for the development and implementation of the system. Furthermore, schedule feasibility determines whether the project can be completed within the time frame. If it takes too much time it is likely to be rejected. (MBA Knowledge Base, 2011) 3.1.2 System Analysis Diagram 3: The problems solving steps Define and understand the problem Develop alternative solutions Choose the best solution Implement the solution System analysis Source: Laudon and Laudon, 2009, p.372 Define and understand the problem One of the problems faced by Aalsmeer Flower Auction is that they are still using the traditional way which is floricultural value chain to sell flowers and plants to customers. The company has to stay competitive align with the emergence of alternative, electronically driven flower markets. Besides that, the company has to collect and arranges all the flowers and plans, and gathers all suppliers and buyers in the auction hall before auction can take place. This method of doing business is very costly and time consuming. Furthermore, retailers request for fresher products, more varieties, smaller quantities and multiple deliveries each week in order to satisfy the changing of customers tastes, thus the demand have more influence on supply. The company must react to these changes to support its business processes and to connect with suppliers and customers, hence changing from traditional way to an electronic way to trade flowers and plants. Develop alternative solutions After determining the problems, the next step is to develop alternative solutions. The alternative solutions put forward to solve the problems is to streamline the existing processes that rely on manual procedures, custom-build a software using Microsoft Access or implement an online transaction processing system. Choose the best solution to be implemented The company then must choose the best solution. If the company would like to choose the first solution, however, if given a large numbers of flowers and plants orders, as well as relationship with manufacturers and shippers, redesigning and streamlining a manual ordering and delivery process would not have provided many benefits. If the company would like to choose the second solution, the disadvantage is time consuming, expensive in terms of the programming costs plus the purchase of hardware, software and networking equipment to run the system and link it to the Internet. Although it is very costly, but it is useful using the Microsoft Access because it can provides a fast and accurate data when the numbers of orders are taken. If the company chooses the third solution which is using the online transaction processing system that provides templates and tools for creating simple database system in very short time, provides the hardware for running the application and website and can be accessed by many different users over the web. After determining the advantages and disadvantages each of the alternative solutions, the third alternative solution is the most feasible and best solution that the company can applied. 3.1.3 System Design The purpose of system design is to create a technical solution that satisfies the functional requirements for the system (NYS project management guidebook, n.d.). A data flow diagram (DFD) is being used to show the flow of data through an information system (iReference, 2008-2011). It consists of four components, they are processes, data stores, external entities, and data flows. Diagram 4 below illustrates the data flow diagram of an online ordering system that the company can applied. In process 1.0, customer detail and information are collected and store as member file. After verifying members information, process 2.0 will verify the order items that customers have selected. It then stores the order items information into items file. Besides that, process 2.0 will also updates all the validated orders and store as daily order. Lastly, in process 3.0, the orders are ready to print out the invoice and shipping list. All the invoice and shipping list will than pass to the order processing department to print and later ship the products to customers. 3.1.4 System Implementation A few tasks need to be completed before the system is installed and ready to operate. The system implementation stage involves hardware and software acquisition, testing of programs, conversion of data resources and training. (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.464) Acquiring hardware and software To obtain the component for an information system, Aalsmeer Flower Auction needs to purchase the new system, computers and networking hardware. It also needs a computer program that governs the operation of the computer (Scribd, 2011). When acquiring the software, it needs to make sure that the application software is supported by the hardware. Testing of programs System testing may involve testing and debugging software, testing website performance, and testing new hardware (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.472). Several forms of testing should be used, including testing each program (unit testing), testing the entire system of programs (system testing), testing the application with large amount of data (volume testing), and testing all related system together (integration testing), as well as conducting any tests required by the user (acceptance testing) (Stair Reynolds, 2008, p.367). When all managers are satisfied the new system meets the standards, the transaction processing system is accepted for installation. Data conversion Data conversion involves making sure that all files and databases are ready to be used with new computer software and systems (Stair Reynolds, 2008, p.366). Direct strategy is used. This strategy is the simplest conversion strategy which replaces the old system with the new system. Training The company needs to consider whether the end users are have the appropriate skill and experience to use the new business system. There will be an online practice area with step by step instruction guide for user to practice entering data into the system. 3.1.5 System Maintenance Maintenance is required after the installation of software that is performed to keep the system operational (Freetutes.com, 2007-2011). System maintenance involves checking, changing, and enhancing the system to make it more useful in achieving use and organization goals (Stair Reynolds, 2008, p.367). The organizations database must be maintained so that information updated and errors can be eliminated in the system. Consequently maintenance enables users to use the system more efficient and more effective. Other enhancements include capabilities for paying for orders more rapidly, and entering the orders information without waiting for a specified starting date. 4.0 Impact and effectiveness of new system 4.1 Organization Changing new way of doing business to an e-business with the implementation of new information system, Aalsmeer Flower Auctions objective can be achieved easily. The impact included bringing new opportunities and competitive advantages, managing business changes, reducing transaction costs for long term period, increasing market share, and strengthen the link with wholesalers and retailers. The company gain competitive advantage with the developing of website to trade the products via internet compare to their competitors who do not offer this service. This new way of doing business allows the company to reach globally. Thus, increase market share of Aalsmeer Flower Auction. Besides that, the company also can strengthen the customer-supplier relationship. With e-business, the company does not need a large warehouse space to store the flowers and plants, hence, reducing transaction costs. However, the company is having a high investment because they need to purchase new system. The organization is also facing a high risk due to the first time setting up the new system and afraid that the system does not function well. 4.2 Management With electronic system of doing work, information can flow easily, directly and rapidly from buyer to seller because electronic connection and communications are already establish (Scribd, 2011). The management has the effectiveness of using the computerized to reduce the paper workload as well. All reports, payments, and invoices can be printed out easily from the computer. The documents also can be done in a systematic way and organized the workloads effectively. The reports also can be generated and updated automatically by the system in every week. Following this, the effectiveness of using the computerized is to help the management to generate planning with a fastest way. The management first needs to forecast the customers demand and forecast orders. After forecasting, they must plan how many quantities of flowers and plants to order from the suppliers in order to get enough quantities. As a result, all the information from the computer comes out with the easiest and accurate data. 4.3 Employees Employees in Aalsmeer Flower Auction now have to adopt the new way of doing business by using internet technology. However, this is the first time of trading in Flower Auction so it is possibility that employees do not have the required knowledge about e-business. E-business required skilled people and have knowledge about information system so that the organization can operate successfully without failure. Therefore, employee training and development program is necessary. (Scribd, 2011) 5.0 Conclusion Although the company will face a high risk due to the first time setting up new system, suppliers, customers and employees will benefit from the new information system. With the use of information technology and new system the company manages to thrive with todays highly competitive and dynamic business environment. Buyers can easily make their bid and order online. Suppliers no longer need to transport their flowers and plants to the auction hall as the pictures of the flowers and plants will be display in the internet. And lastly, Aalsmeer Flower Auction still plays their role as market mediator. (Scribd, 2011)

How to Solve a Problem Essay

After reading up on the â€Å"Art of Thinking† e-book, chapter 5 explains the 4 stages of the critical thinking process. The first stage of critical thinking is to search for challenges. It explains that not all challenges are obvious and on how you should make it a habit to look out for challenges that comes your way. The second stage of critical thinking is expressing the problem or issue. The e-book explains in more detail the difference between a problem and an issue. The third stage of critical thinking is to investigate the problem or issue. Last but not least, the fourth stage of critical thinking is producing ideas. I think that this is also the critical stage of what makes a critical thinker. When I was in the Navy during my first year, I noticed that it was very difficult to advance in the occupational specialty that I was in compared to the other military occupation. One of the things that I’ve noticed was that the reason why the advancement was difficult was because there were too many people who were in the field rating. The air department field rating was a difficult and dangerous job to be in; especially if you didn’t know what you were doing. There was long 18 hour work days that I had to do whenever there were out to sea deployments to the Persian Gulf. I also had to worry about equipment malfunction and the risk of falling over board from the flight deck. I was very dissatisfied with working with the air department division, so I decided to take the exam for a different rate when I was up for advancement. I was curious to find out what other military occupations were out there for me with less danger on the field and better advancement opportunity. Fortunately for me, the advancement exam that I took was 100% advancement and 18 hours less than what I had to work compared to the air department. Based from my reading of chapter 7, the problem for me was working long hours in a hazardous environment. I asked myself, how can I get out of a hazardous work environment such as working on the flight deck? How can I advance myself to a rate that has less competition? There were also some issues for me that I had to address. One of the questions I had to ask myself regarding the issue was if I should notify my supervisor that I plan on taking the advancement exam for another rate? Is he going to single me out and make me work harder in the division? In order to resolve my problem, I decided to take the advancement exam that focused on operating the radar systems and it was 100% advancement. The working hours were 6 hours on and 18 hours off rotations at the work center. The work environment was also less hazardous and more relaxed compared to the air department. For my issues to get resolved, I decided not to tell any of my supervisors that I plan to leave the division by taking the exam for another rate. I figured that if I don’t tell them what I plan to doing, then they will not single me out or make me work harder compared to the other people in the division. I believe that it was the best decision that I made during my time in the military. Before I decided to take the advancement exam, I noticed that one of my co-workers had also taken the same exam before me. According to chapter 8 of the â€Å"Art of Thinking,† I investigated the problems and issues that relate to working with the operations department compared to working in the air department. I took an eyewitness testimony from my former co-worker who used to work for the air department division, but later switch to the operations department division after taking the advancement exam. He provided the information to me regarding the pros and cons of working with the operations department. The con part of working with operations was that you were working around a lot of high ranking officers and always had to practice for certain drills, but the pro side to it was good advancement and less work hours compared to working with the air department. In conclusion, I think that one of the best ways for me to solve this problem was to avoid going into the air department in the first place. I should have weighed out my options in regards to finding out what other good department divisions that I could benefit from by working with them for the 4 years that I was with the Navy. I noticed that some fields such as working as an electrician has its benefits. I could have been able to transfer all of my work experience into the civilian side and done a similar job like that with more salary pay. I also now understood that the person who recruited me into the Navy had a quote to me in order for him to keep his job as a recruiter, but I should have done a better job in regards to thinking things out more critically in regards to how I was going to benefit from joining the Navy besides getting the educational benefits after successfully completing my contract of serving my country.

Case study: Apple iPhones – Not “Made in America”

What is meant by the globalization of human capital? Is this inevitable as firms increase their global operations? The globalization of human capital refers to the fact that employees are now spread out across the world by their employers. This including, the companies, employed, unemployed, stockholders, consumers, contractors, supply chain, firms and economies. Companies branch out because labor costs are cheaper and productivity is faster.It is inevitable if firms increase their global operations because every country has something different to offer, something new, and without the current innovation being promoted to the market, the company will start to lose its edge on competition. 2. How does this case illustrate the threats and opportunities facing global companies in developing their strategies? Cost and Human Capital is the most important consideration for Global Companies. When President Obama’s inquired about Apple brining the job back to US, it was practically not possible for Apple.The break down in the case study was that it cost a total of $179 to produce an IPhone and it retailed at $500 leaving a profit of $321. This would mean more profit for the global company. For Global company price and profit is the most important consideration to stay competitive. They can use the cheap labor in other countries to be price competitive This gave the perception that Apple did not care about its country. It also gives the perception of greed which a global company can face. 3. Comment on the Apple executive's assertion that the company's only obligation is making the best product possible.â€Å"We don't have an obligation to solve America's problems. † All though it is a harsh comment but I think it makes sense. Apple is a Global company with its offices around the world. It is in business to make money. It is not possible for Apple to solve America’s problem. Apple is just trying to be the best company out there in order to be on top with innovation and success. It is not Apple’s responsibility to solve America’s problems with employment; their responsibility is to form the best product. 4. Who are the stakeholders in this situation and what, if any, obligations do they have?There are two stakeholders in this situation and they are: the companies Apple and Foxconn as well as the Chinese government. Apple has obligations to their employees both domestic and global. They need to be mindful that a corporation is only as good as its products as well as, its image. They need to be mindful that since its headquarters are in the United States, it should do all that it can to maintain a positive image. It is also important to make sure that the products they sell are quality products while keeping the price as low as possible. Foxconn has a stake in its people and the products they export.The unfair and inhumane working conditions forced the government to step in. Foxconn also needs to be mindful of the is sues presented previously for Apple (the difference they are headquartered in China). The fact that labor violations were taking place, China’s government had an obligations to its people. They need to protect their citizens from hazardous work conditions and hold Foxconn accountable for their actions. 5. How much extra are you prepared to pay for an IPhone if assembled in the United States? Personally I feel that the IPhone is already over price as is. The fact that they make $321 of profit off each phone is ridiculous.If the phone is fully assembled in the United State I do not feel the price of the phone should increase at all. There are many products that are specifically made in America that cost the same amount as their global counterparts. Clothes are an example, all things being equal, a t-shirt made overseas cost relatively the same as a t-shirt made in the US. Why should an IPhone be any different? I feel that although the profit from each phone would be decreased, they would sell the same amount of phones if not more. 6. How much extra are you prepared to pay for an IPhone assembled in China but under better labor conditions or pay?What kind of trade-off would you make? This also deals with the question previously asked. I have not changed my stance on IPhone; however, if they were to charge more to have it assembled in China, why couldn’t or wouldn’t they just produce it in America. It would not make sense if they had to increase cost to better working conditions in another country. I believe it would be cheaper to bring some of the laborers here to the US and open a plant here. 7. To what extent do you think the negative media coverage has affected Apple’s recent decision to ask the FLA to do an assessment and the subsequent decision by Foxconn to raise some salaries?What do you think will happen now? I believe that the negative media coverage has inspired Apple to be more cautious about their corporate image. Subsequen tly, it affected their way of thinking so that they had to ask for an FLA assessment. They could ill-afford to continue to be seen in a negative light and heartless. They already stated that â€Å"They don’t have an obligation to solve America’s problems, only to make the best product possible†, after the unfair working conditions and labor violations were discovered it only added to the idea that the company was greedy and didn’t care about their employees.Foxconn took pride in being one of the country’s most effective and efficient manufacturers. It could not allow the perception that they were running a â€Å"sweat shop† in which their employees were working 60 hours a week for little pay. The employee suicides did not help company’s image. They had to raise some salaries in order to save face in the public eye. Also, both companies had to show that although mistakes happened, once they were discovered they were fixed quickly. I be lieve now that the story is out they will have many follow up inspections to insure that both companies never come under scrutiny again.

Job Stress and Its Impact on Employee Performance

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction to the topic People at work worry about all sorts of things; increasing competition for jobs, globalization, terrorism, looking after aging parent and relatives, annual appraisal, new technology, outsourcing of jobs along with increased demand of employer for higher productivity. These and some other factors make the employees experience certain pressures at times. Like they have to meet certain deadlines, cope with some unusual but critical situations on their own as well as adapt to the cultural changes of the organization, meeting certain targets, learn new procedures and attending meetings on time and have to be innovative. These all situations, at first hand, appear to be the essential part of†¦show more content†¦In turn, these conditions may lead to poor work performance or even injury. Job stress is also associated with various biological reactions that may lead ultimately to compromised health, such as cardiovascular disease, or in extreme cases, death. Stress related problems a lso include mood disturbance, psychological distress, sleep disturbance, upset stomach, headache, and problems in relationships with family and friends. The effects of job stress on chronic diseases are more difficult to ascertain because chronic diseases develop over relatively long periods of time and are influenced by many factors other than stress. Nonetheless, there is some evidence that stress plays a role in the development of several types of chronic health problems including cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and psychological disorders. Because of the widespread damage stress can cause, it’s important to know the limit. But just how much stress is â€Å"too much† differs from person to person. Some people roll with the punches, while others crumble at the slightest obstacle or frustration. Some people even seem to thrive on the excitement and challenge of a high-stress lifestyle. According to one school of thought, differences in individual characteristics such as personality andShow MoreRelatedIntroduction . Moral Stress. Moral Stress. Moral Distress1701 Words   |  7 PagesMoral Stress. Moral Stress. Moral distress according to Detienne et al. (2012) is referred to a commix of ethics and moral conflicts; paying close attention to moral distress as it relates to intensity and frequency. Moral distress has no formal definition, but encompasses perspectives, internal and external constraints, values, etc. that can impact workplace performance and outcomes. Detienne et al. 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